Recent Developments in GaP(Cs)-Dynode Photomultipliers

Recent developments in GaP(Cs)-dynode photomultipliers are reviewed. The physics of secondary emission is discussed and models are described which explain secondary emission from conventional dynode materials and from GaP(Cs) dynodes. The concept of negative electron affinity is explained in terms of an energy diagram. Device performance is reported with regard to both electron and time resolution. A general discussion of the characteristics of GaP(Cs)-dynode photomultipliers is included.