Practical hydraulic turbine model

This paper reports on some practical hydraulic turbine models for Francis turbines and pumped-storage hydraulic turbines. The power system frequency during transient conditions greatly depends on governor control characteristics. Hydraulic governors take on an important role to stabilize a power system frequency. For power system frequency control study, models must be accurate both in structures and numerical parameters. In this reason, some practical turbine models are necessary to evaluate governor control characteristics satisfying quick response and stable operation for frequency changes.