A new three-dimensional vector parabolic equation approach for modeling radio wave propagation in tunnels

A new three-dimensional (3D) vector parabolic equation method (PEM) is proposed to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in tunnels, which is particularly useful for modeling wave propagation in tunnels with traffic obstructions. It allows full wave treatment of the 3D problem which is not possible by its scalar version. Vector fields are presented in terms of three unknown scalar functions which are coupled through boundary conditions on the tunnel walls and divergence-free condition of electromagnetic fields. Numerical results for empty and obstructed tunnels are presented.