Skin impedance from 1 Hz to 1 MHz
Rosell, J.; Colominas, J.; Riu, P.; Pallas-Areny, R.; Webster, J.G.
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
Volume 35, Issue 8, Aug 1988 Page(s):649 - 651
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/10.4599
Summary:The impedance of skin coated with gel but otherwise unprepared was
measured from 1 Hz to 1 MHz at ten sites on the thorax, leg, and
forehead of ten subjects. For a 1-cm2 area, the 1 Hz
impedance varied from 10 kΩ to 1 MΩ, which suggests that the
bipotential amplifier input impedance should be very high to avoid
common-mode-to-differential-mode voltage conversion. The 1-MHz impedance
was tightly clustered about 120 Ω. The 100-kHz impedance was about
220 Ω, which suggests that the variation in skin impedance can
cause errors in two-electrode electrical impedance tomographs
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