Bare overhead transmission and distribution conductor design overview

Since the conductor is one of the major cost components of a line design, it is essential that the most appropriate conductor type and size be selected for optimum operating efficiency. A systematic approach should be taken in the selection of the conductor. Factors such as tension loads, ice and wind loads, current loading of the line, voltage stability, environmental effects, electrical losses, ambient conditions, and many others must be considered in the process. The goal is to select a conductor that exemplifies the best conductivity-to-weight ratio and/or strength-to-weight ratio at a minimal cost for the application. The electrical and mechanical properties, thermal properties, and stress-strain relationship of the conductor will dictate the choice of conductor type and size for a given design. It is the purpose of this paper to provide basic information concerning various conductor designs available to transmission and distribution engineers and planners.