Weight-based bus-invert coding for low-power applications

Carried out a comprehensive study on the weight-based, in contrast to the Hamming-distance-based, bus-invert method for reducing I/O power consumption. The closed-form formulas derived from the Markov chains depicting the transient and limiting behaviors of the bus-invert method are employed to compute the weight and switching activity, to explain the diminishing returns on the weight with increasing bus width, to show the nonviability of partitioning a bus into smaller buses with odd number of bits. Neither the Hamming-distance nor the weight-based approach can simultaneously reduce the weight and switching activity, but the latter outperforms the former in reducing the sum of weight and switching activity.