Characteristic Mode Decomposition Using the Scattering Dyadic in Arbitrary Full-Wave Solvers

Characteristic modes are formulated using the scattering dyadic, which maps incident plane waves to scattered far-fields generated by an object of arbitrary material composition. Numerical construction of the scattering dyadic using arbitrary full-wave electromagnetic solvers is demonstrated in examples involving a variety of dielectric and magnetic materials. Wrapper functions for computing characteristic modes in method-of-moments, finite-difference time domain, and finite-element solvers are provided as Supplementary Material.