A Post-Event Generator Start-Up Strategy for Renewable Penetrated Transmission System Considering Dynamic Frequency Regulation

Restoring transmission systems (TSs) with a high penetration of renewable generation is a troublesome task. To enhance the resilience of these TSs, a deterministic post-event generator start-up strategy (GSUS) is proposed in this paper, where the conventional and renewable units are co-operated. However, the utilization of renewable generation yields a concern that the recovering TS may be exposed to the risk of frequency instability since the renewable units have the characteristics of low inertia and high uncertainty. Consequently, dynamic frequency regulation (DFR) is considered while a novel approximate method is proposed to linearize the non-convex DFR constraints. Besides, a novel uncertainty set associated with restoring states is established to model the nodal power fluctuations. On the basic of the above works, a robust GSUS with DFR is developed. To solve this GSUS efficiently, an adaptive robust-based methodology is proposed to explore the “worst” realization of the uncertainty and then the non-convex bi-level robust constraints are reformulated. Finally, the effectiveness of our works is verified on a real-world 129-bus TS.