Conditions for broadband MMIC voltage-controlled oscillators based on theory and experiments

A systematic study of maximally broadband VCO designs is undertaken. The theoretical investigations lead to the practical realization of two fully monolithically integrated VCOs based on reflection-type and feedback design techniques. Employing efficient diode tuning, the practical implementations of PHEMT-MMICs exhibit a variation of output frequency of 30% and 45%, respectively.