Holomorphic Embedding Power Flow Algorithm for Isolated AC Microgrids With Hierarchical Control

Power flow (PF) calculation plays a fundamental role in the steady-state analysis of isolated microgrids (MGs). In this paper, a novel analytical PF algorithm based on holomorphic embedding (HE) is proposed for isolated AC MGs considering hierarchical control (HC). With a deliberate design in embedding technique, the presented algorithm not only inherits the deterministic property of the canonical embedding that enables to derive the upper-branch (operable) solution explicitly, but also is compatible with the HC characteristic of isolated MGs. Furthermore, the embedded PF model features a general structure with a constant recursive matrix, which can accommodate various bus types and network re-configurations (including both radial and meshed networks), as well as non-nonlinearities of voltage-dependent load models. Case studies are carried out on 3 test systems: a 12-bus MG and modified IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus distribution systems. Numerical results reveal the applicability and efficacy of the proposed algorithm.