Zero-error information hiding capacity of digital images

We derive a theoretical capacity for digital image watermarking with zero transmission errors. We present three different discrete memoryless channel model to represent the watermarking process. Given the magnitude bound of noise set by applications and the acceptable watermark magnitude determined by the just-noticeable distortion, we estimate the zero-error capacity by applying Shannon's (1948) adjacency-reducing mapping technique. The capacity we estimate here corresponds to a deterministic guarantee of zero error, different from the traditional theorem approaching zero error asymptotically.