Optimal design method for microwave device using time domain method and design sensitivity analysis. II. FDTD case

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed using the FDTD method and design sensitivity analysis to obtain and optimal shape in a broadband. The adjoint variable equation can be obtained using the uniqueness theorem and can be solved using the FDTD technique also. To deal with a complex geometry, a discrete surface integral (DSI) method is used. As a two-dimensional example, an E-plane open-ended waveguide antenna is tested to show validity.