Solution of large differential signal problem using two different integral equation based methods

The ability to solve large, realistic EM problems is becoming very important with the increase in the clock and radio frequencies in VLSI based systems. Fortunately, a similar increase in the ability to solve such problems has been accomplished with the advent of several new solution approaches. In this paper, the authors compare the results of two solution approaches which are based on an integral equation formulation of Maxwell's equation. The formulation and solution approaches are very different so that the comparison helps to establish confidence in the validity of the results. The problem solved consists of a printed circuit board with a differential mode driver and a differential wire which extends 1 m beyond the board. The problem is solved on conventional high end server workstations.