Joint Sparse Observation and Coding Design for Multiple Phenomena Monitoring

Energy-efficient designs play an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT) that monitors multiple phenomena, due to the limited power supply and complicated observation. In this paper, taking into account the power consumptions of observation, coding, and communication, we propose a joint sparse observation and coding scheme for energy-efficient monitoring of multiple phenomena using IoT. Through the analysis of outage performance, we find that the sparse observation and coding scheme can achieve the performance of the full observation scheme in which all nodes observe all phenomena with lower power consumption due to the dynamic and selective observation and coding. With the derived achievable rates and network power consumption, we study the trade-off between achievable rates and network power consumption that is determined by both the observation matrix and the coding matrix. For given rate constraints, we propose an optimization problem to minimize the network power consumption by jointly designing the observation and coding matrices. To solve this NP-hard problem efficiently, we propose a low-complexity algorithm with the convex-concave procedure. Moreover, to improve performance in high noise environment, we adopt collaboration among nodes to suppress observation noises and equalize bad observations by utilizing observation diversity. Finally, simulation results illustrate the superior performance of the proposed schemes.