Volume integral equation solution of extinction cross section by raindrops in the range 0.6-100 GHz

The validity of the volume integral equation formulation (VIEF) is validated for the purpose of estimating the extinction cross section (ECS) of raindrops. The validations are performed against two well-established models. The validated volume integral equation model is employed to calculate the extinction cross sections of raindrops specified by a modified Pruppacher and Pitter (MPP) model. Data are given for drops with mean radii between 0.25 to 3.5 mm in the frequency range 0.6 to 100 GHz. Our study has showed that results of the extinction cross section for vertical and horizontal polarizations can be used to predict rain attenuation in wireless communications.