Passive force display using ER brakes and its control experiments

Force information is often required for tele-operation systems and virtual reality. Conventional force displays are active systems with actuators. This, however, is inherently active, so that it may become a danger. Consequently, passive force display is an effective method for assuring safety. The authors developed a brake using ER (electrorheological) fluid and passive force display using ER brakes. They discuss two degree of freedom passive force display and basic control experiments.