Load flow analysis incorporating frequency as a state vector variable

The new method of power-flow analysis incorporating frequency as an additional variable of the commonly used power system state vector is introduced and presented thoroughly. Based on the proposed method the authors developed programs and performed a series of test calculations. The presented computer program can be used in systems wherein the frequency is deviated from its rated value. It can be useful in the analysis of different scenarios of outages and disturbances, as well as in the analysis of different states of a system under new deregulation conditions. The paper presents simulation results for a number of IEEE test systems.