Comparison and correlation of ESD HBM (human body model) obtained between TLPG, wafer-level, and package-level tests

In this work, we have found that the TLPG (transmission line pulse generator) can be well correlated to the HBM by adding a parasitic series resistance obtained simply from the least squares error solution method or numerically from a simplified LEM (lumped element model) method. Also, experimental evidence suggests that the HBM is best described by the log normal distribution rather than the normal distribution.