V2V channel characterization and modeling for underground parking garages

As an important part of the intelligent transportation system (ITS), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication will improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system by realizing the information transmission between vehicles. The underground parking garage is a typical scenario in V2V communication, but as an indoor environment, it is different from the conventional outdoor road scenarios significantly. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and model the V2V channel characteristics of an underground garage. In this paper, a novel channel measurement carried out in the underground garage is first introduced. Considering that there are a lot of obstacles in an underground garage, the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) condition is taken into account during the measurement. Then, channel characteristic parameters, including large-scale fading, delay spread, and K-factor, are analyzed based on the measured data. In addition, we also carry out channel angle of arrival analysis, show the distribution of azimuth of arrival (AOA) and elevation of arrival (EOA) of multipath components (MPC), and conduct a statistical analysis of the angular spread. In the process of analysis and modeling, we focus on the differences between line-of-sight (LoS) and NLoS conditions. The analysis and conclusions presented in this paper will enrich the understanding of V2V channel and benefit the design of V2V communications.