Single cell battery management systems (BMS)

Traditional management of batteries is based on the assumption that all cells in a battery are identical. This however, is not a correct assumption. A battery will never be stronger than the weakest cell. If one cell fails, the whole battery fails. To address the problem of monitoring batteries used in critical situations Skand-Instrument AS was commissioned by the Royal Australian Navy in 1992 to develop a battery monitoring system for the RAN submarine fleet.