Design and analysis of a stacked dual-frequency microstrip planar inverted-F antenna for mobile telephone handsets using the FDTD

We present the design of a microstrip, dual-frequency planar inverted-F antenna (DF-PIFA) for mobile telephone handsets that can concurrently work at two frequency bands, viz., the GSM and DCS 1800 systems, which operate at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz, respectively. A computer-aided design (CAD) tool, based on the non-uniform finite difference time domain (NU-FDTD) Maxwell solver, is employed to optimize the performance characteristics of the DF-PIFA, including the return loss, impedance match, frequency bandwidth and the far-field radiation pattern.