What is a real 1 GHz bandwidth ESD generator calibration?

This paper gives an overview of the ESD generator calibration procedure following ESD Basic Standard IEC 801(1000-4)-2. It points out various problems with the calibration specification in this Basic Standard. In order to derive from measured data the real ESD pulse of a generator we have to compensate for the frequency responses of all the parts: Target, delay lines, attenuators, cables, and scopes. We can do this by solving the problem in the frequency domain. In this paper we discuss a possible solution of the ESD generator calibration problem and its associated calculation of uncertainty. The advantage of this is the virtual independence of any calibration system part. Results of three ESD generators and one human ESD are shown to support the later discussion. As future work, we propose not only to improve the calibration but also the definition of a faster pulse, because the true human ESD pulse can have rise times of 300 ps or even faster. In the Outlook section there are pulse shapes and frequency responses of an ESD generator which simulates well the human ESD.