Passive gain equalization of erbium-doped fiber amplifier using samarium-doped fiber for multiwavelength transmission

Summary form only given. One of the major problems facing multiwavelength-division-multiplex (WDM) lightwave systems with erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) cascades is "gain-equalization". In this work, we present a simple passive gain-equalization technique using a piece of in-between samarium-doped fiber (Sm-fiber) in a sandwiched Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to achieve flattened gain over the whole amplifier spectral range.