Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system

Describes an invasive alternative to externally applied brain-computer interface (BCI) devices. This system requires implantation of a special electrode into the outer layers of the human neocortex. The recorded signals are transmitted to a nearby receiver and processed to drive a cursor on a computer monitor in front of the patient. The authors' present patient has learned to control the cursor for the production of synthetic speech and typing.