A watermarking sequence using parities of error control coding for image authentication and correction

A novel function for image watermarking is proposed. We show how the watermarking sequence can be used for correction of illegal modifications. To make this task possible, the parities generated by the conventional error control coding (ECC) technique is used for the watermarking sequence. Then, the receiver can correct any alterations by applying the ECC decoding. To increase the correction capability we also adopt a scrambling scheme before the encoding to change a burst type of content modifications (i.e., errors) into a random noise. The scrambling key can be also used as a key for the authentication of the sender.