Calibration and Dynamic Matching in Data Converters: Part 2: Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters and Background-Calibration Challenges

Part 1 of this article series, "Calibration and Dynamic Matching in Data Converters: Part 1: Linearity Calibration and Dynamic-Matching Techniques," considered the calibration of digital-to-analog converters (DACs), dynamic element matching, and the calibration of pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). In this second part, the calibration of time-interleaved ADCs is covered first. Then challenges created by background calibration in the architectures described in both parts are covered. Finally, conclusions are drawn based on the examples in both parts.