Measuring Ocean Surface Wind Field Using Shipborne High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar

Extraction of ocean surface wind field from data collected by shipborne high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is an ongoing challenge because of the inherent directional ambiguity and the effect of complicated platform motion on radar Doppler spectra. Here, a method for extracting the wind direction and speed from the spreading first-order radar Doppler spectra is first presented. First, the mathematical model of the wind direction versus a variable spreading parameter is developed. Moreover, based on the spreading characteristic of the first-order spectra, an approach for simultaneously determining the unambiguous wind direction and the unique spreading parameter with a single receiving antenna is presented. Furthermore, the relationship between the wind speed and the spreading parameter is derived on the basis of the relationship between the drag coefficient and the spreading parameter, and the wind speed can be determined. Therefore, the wind field of ocean area covered by shipborne HFSWR can be measured by sequentially exploiting the presented method, which is more beneficial for shipborne HFSWR because of smaller installation space and less cost. Simulation results and discussions of basic applications show the feasibility of wind field measurement in shipborne HFSWR. Experimental results validate the presented method and evaluate the detection accuracy and distance limit. The range for wind field measurement is up to 120 km, which is the range for which the signal-to-noise ratio typically exceeds about 11 dB in the relevant first-order portions of the backscatter spectra. Comparisons between the radar-measured and forecasting or buoy-measured results show good agreement.