Systematic study of geographical routing protocols and routing challenges for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are emerging wireless ad hoc technologies for data communication among vehicle nodes. In this area, vehicle nodes are communicating with or without infrastructure for various safety and infotainment applications. Various routing protocols have designed for data communication. However, due to the high mobility of vehicle nodes and dynamic topologies, the network has suffered from data delay, network overhead and packet dropping issues in the network. Geographical routing is one of the well-known routing category based on location services. This paper presents a systematic review of geographical routing protocols and presents a scientific and unbiased information to highlight and summarize data routing challenges in the field. Paper also discusses the geographical routing protocols based on their routing metrics. This paper will help the new researchers to identifying the routing challenges and selects most appropriate routing metrics to design new geographical routing protocols for future research.