Constructal optimization of an elemental proton exchange membrane fuel cell used in the electric vehicles

An important part of the electric vehicle is the electric power supply. Several types of sources are known, one of which is the Fuel Cell (FC). Its applications range from rockets to household applications. More recently it was suggested that interconnecting the car provided with FC with the home network or even with the power distribution system might solve their recharging problem. On the other hand, for cars parked over 90% of the time it might be desired to use the power produced by the FC for domestic or commercial purposes thus covering more than half of the initial investment in the purchase of the vehicle. Another advantage is the quite high efficiency of the FCs as compared to other practical conversion methods. Although, theoretically, the isothermal efficiency of reactions in the FC can reach 80%, practically it is about 50-60%, still significant. This paper presents several constructive solutions of an elemental Proton Exchange Membrane FC (PEMFC).