A Differential Evolution Performance Comparison: Comparing How Various Differential Evolution Algorithms Perform in Designing Microstrip Antennas and Arrays

In this article, we have undertaken a performance comparison of different variants and hybridized schemes of differential evolution (DE) algorithms with respect to several antenna and array designs. These include DE/rand/1, self-adaptive DE (SADE), DE with global and local neighborhood search (DEGL), biogeography-based optimization with DE (BBODE), modified DE (MDE), MDE with p-best crossover strategy (MDE-pBX), improved DE (IDE), harmonic search DE (HSDE), DE with an individual dependent mechanism (DE-IDP-IDM), and adaptive DE with optimization-state estimation (ADE).