Frequency domain optical network analysis using integrated optics

Frequency domain based measurements of optical networks and components are reviewed. A measurement system for performing optical network analysis is described in detail. The application of a Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ Mach-Zehnder modulator in such a network analyzer is discussed. The integrated optic modulator makes it possible to characterize both the amplitude and phase of the modulation response of lightwave components. The modulator operates at both 1300 and 1550 nm. Design considerations and tradeoffs are described to obtain the wide wavelength coverage, as well as low switching voltage and a stable frequency response which can be calibrated. Device pigtailing, packaging, and reliability are discussed as they relate to overall instrument reliability. Stability considerations including bias drift and acoustic resonances are detailed for both x- and z-cut modulators.<
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