Characterization and modelling of transparent heaters based on solution-processed copper nanowires

In this study, we present an environmentally friendly and solution-based synthesis for copper nanowires (CuNWs) at a moderate process temperature. Transparent electrodes (TEs) are fabricated by spray-deposition and evaluated in terms of their electro-optical performance. Using ImageJ, the CuNW diameters are determined in an automated and reproducible way. Without any post-processing, the films show a sheet resistance as low as 12.6 Ohm/sq at a high transparency of 77 %. Further, CuNW-based transparent heaters are characterized and accurately modelled using the Crank-Nicolson finite method that accounts for the heat losses and the resistance-temperature dependence of the films.