Low-cost photovoltaic emulator for instructional laboratories

This paper discusses a simple and cheap PV emulator based on a linear power supply that does not require a source of light to conduct laboratory experiments. The emulator has been designed to underpin students' understanding the properties of PV cell V-I characteristics and the ways to maximise the output power learned from lectures, tutorial and self-studies. The emulator has been built using “on the shelf” components and tested under rated power conditions. It demonstrated a good emulation of V-I characteristics within the rated range of the sun irradiation and the temperature.