What?s Happening to Your DNA Data?: Genetic Testing Services Abound, but Consumers Opting to Use Them Should Be Aware of the Pitfalls

Over the last decade, technology advances in the field of genetics have led to cheaper and more accurate testing. Public interest in personal genetics has grown thanks to media coverage and high-profile stories, such as actress Angelina Jolie's decision to undergo a double mastectomy as a preventative measure against breast cancer when she learned she carries the BRCA1 mutation (relating to breast cancer type 1 susceptibility). But attempts to be proactive in one's healthcare through genomic screening can lead to frustrations. Many general practitioners aren't trained in genetics and cannot answer specific questions, insurance may not cover a genetic test, and genetic counselors can have long wait times. So people are turning to the slew of companies offering genetic tests directly to consumers, bypassing the need to go through a clinic. Easier access to genetic testing has potential upsides-for instance, being alerted that you have a greater chance of a disease allows you to take the appropriate actions. However, as “over-the-counter” genetic tests have become more readily available, consumers are facing potential pitfalls, most notably risks from misinterpretation and a loss of privacy.