Uncoded Space-Time Labeling Diversity—Application of Media-Based Modulation With RF Mirrors

In this letter, we apply the concept of media-based modulation with radio frequency mirrors to uncoded space-time labeling diversity (USTLD). Several configurations are investigated. Results demonstrate a significant improvement in the error performance over USTLD and the recently proposed space-time channel modulation for fast frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels with and without channel estimation error. Improvement is also shown for the quasi-static channel case. The analytical average bit error probability is formulated for the scheme and is shown to agree well with Monte Carlo simulation results at moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, the detection computational complexity of each configuration is analyzed in terms of the number of real operations.