Ground plane impedance analysis of printed circuit board

A theoretical and experimental analysis of ground planes impedance for printed circuit boards is presented. A frequency domain analysis of the impedance on flat conductors is done. The realistic electromagnetic effects are considered: the skin effect due to the finite conductivity of the plane and the confinement effect of the distribution of current lines at the contact points. The analytical results were proved by different experimental methods. The experimental data and the analytical results are in agreement. The analytical model may be used to design the ground plane in printed circuit board with a great accuracy.