Voltage gain-controlled third-generation current conveyor and its all-pass filter verification

The paper presents a new active building block (ABB) called minus-type voltage gain-controlled third-generation current conveyor (VGC-CCIII-) in which the voltage gain between Y to X terminal can be controlled. The usefulness of the tunable feature in the presented ABB is demonstrated in current-mode {0.3
^rd
; 0.5
^th
; 0.7
^th
; I
^st
}-order all-pass filter (APF) employing single VGC-CCIII-, one capacitor, and one resistor. The theoretical results of the integer- and fractional-order APF are verified by SPICE simulations based on readily available IC OPA860 macromodel, which can also be used in experiments.