Wireless sensor networks hierarchical protocols

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks attract researchers because of their popular applications in the military, communications, intelligence and medical aspects of vitality. Wireless networks can provide solutions to a lot of major problems in the world as they are low-cost, limited energy services, and there must be mechanisms to raise the efficiency of energy consumption to ensure a long lifetime of the network. In this research, an intensive study will be presented to review the hierarchical routing protocols and their structure, and performance. However, each protocol has its extremely significant role at the moment, which opens the way for more research and development to design new protocols that are more efficient. Furthermore, this research will present the protocol's mechanisms and determine the differences among them.