Implicit space mapping with substrate segmentation for reliable antenna optimization

A reliable technique for EM-driven design optimization of antenna structures using implicit space mapping (ISM) with substrate segmentation is proposed. In our approach, the coarse model for space mapping is obtained by reducing discretization level of EM analysis as well as by partitioning the antenna substrate and assigning individual dielectric permittivity values that serve as preassigned parameters of ISM. Our approach is demonstrated through optimization of a 5.5 GHz bandwidth-enhanced patch antenna.