Silo and Tank Vision: Applica?tions, Challenges, and Technical Solutions for Radar Measurement of Liquids and Bulk Solids in Tanks and Silos

In today's industrialized world, the handling of raw materials and goods is an essential part of the supply chain. Liquids-for example water, oil, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, and liquefied gases-are stored in tanks. Bulk solids, on the other hand, are stored in silos and cover a very large variety of materials. Examples include finely granulated substances (grains, powders, sand, plastic pellets, and so forth) and also very rough materials like stones, coal, and others. The operator of a storage system is, in either case, interested in measuring the filling volume to be able to plan removal and refilling-which is important to ensure the continuous production and delivery of materials on schedule.