ITO-free perovskite solar cells using photolithography processed metal grids as transparent anodes

In this work, the photolithography processed nickel (Ni) grids were used to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as the transparent anode for perovskite solar cells. The results show that the Ni grids have a senior adhesion ability to glass substrates than that of Ag grids, and the obtained device show a comparable short circuit current density (JSC) to that of ITO based device, while the open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) could be further improved by optimizing the interface properties. Thus the Ni grids have great potential to develop high efficient perovskite solar cells with large area and flexibility.