Laser-generated stress waves and their effects on the cell membrane

High-power lasers can generate well characterized stress (pressure) waves. The characteristics of the stress waves can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the laser parameters and the properties of the target material. Laser-generated stress waves can alter the structure and function of cells in vitro. Furthermore, they render the cell membrane permeable. Molecules present in the extracellular medium diffuse into the cytoplasm under the concentration gradient. Subsequently, the plasma membrane reseals, keeping the exogenous molecules inside the cell. Laser-generated stress waves can provide a potentially powerful tool for drug delivery.