A Scalable Framework for CSI Feedback in FDD Massive MIMO via DL Path Aligning

Unlike the time-division duplexing systems, the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) channels are not reciprocal in the case of frequency-division duplexing (FDD). However, some long-term parameters, e.g., the time delays and angles of arrival of the channel paths, enjoy reciprocity. In this paper, by efficiently exploiting the aforementioned limited reciprocity, we address the DL channel state information (CSI) feedback in a practical wideband massive multiple-input multiple-output system operating in the FDD mode. With orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing waveform and assuming frequency-selective fading channels, we propose a scalable framework for the DL pilots design, DL CSI acquisition, and the corresponding CSI feedback in the UL. In particular, the base station (BS) can transmit the FFT-based pilots with carefully selected phase shifts. Then, the user can rely on the so-called time-domain aggregate channel to derive the feedback of reduced dimensionality according to either its own knowledge about the statistics of the DL channels or the instruction from the serving BS. We demonstrate that each user can just feed back one scalar number per DL channel path for the BS to recover the DL CSIs. Comprehensive numerical results further corroborate our designs.