A survey on global PV interconnection standards

Photovoltaic energy (PV) is one of the cleanest forms of renewable energy. The popularity of this technology has been widely recognized with the incentives provided by the governments of various countries across the globe. Day by day, the growth rate of PV is steadily increasing. Renewable energy resources like PV are interfaced with power electronic inverters to enable its interconnection to the power system network. The conventional power system becomes more complex with increasing renewable energy interconnections to constitute a smarter grid. As the decentralized generation achieved by PV solar plants becomes more prevalent, the grid reliability becomes an important facet. The ramifications associated with the PV interconnection needs an adherence to reliable operation of the grid without any violations. Interconnection standards are clearly critical. Several organizations and technical committees are constantly involved in research to update and revise such standards on a frequent basis throughout the world. The focus of this paper is to present a consolidated compilation of PV interconnection standards across the globe.