Monostatic RCS of electrically large structures using higher-order MLFMM

The monostatic radar cross section (RCS) is an important design parameter for many applications, but accurate RCS prediction of an electrically large structure continues to be a challenging task. High accuracy demands and a complicated geometry often mean that asymptotic methods are not applicable, while a full-wave method has traditionally required very large computational resources. In the present paper, we avoid the O(f
⁶
) computational time scaling of the Method of Moments by applying the Multi-Level Fast Multipole Method (MLFMM). A range of modifications to the traditional way of applying MLFMM to monostatic RCS are implemented in order to achieve strong computational performance even on modest hardware.