The synthesis of array antennas using the element-level pattern diversity (ELPD) technique

From the viewpoint of diversity, this paper presents the applications of element-level pattern diversity (ELPD) technique in the synthesis of array antennas. The application examples include the linear array antennas, the concentric loop array antenna, conformal array antenna and the time-modulated array antenna. With one more degree of freedom in the synthesis, this technique exhibits many advantages. The limitations of this technique are also discussed. In addition to the simulations, the verification of this technique is given through a practical linear array antenna where the full wave analysis has been involved in the design.