Gain Improvement of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna by Engraving Grooves on Its Side Walls

A new technique for increasing the boresight gain of a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operating at its fundamental radiating TE
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mode is introduced. The idea is to increase the radiations from the side walls of the DRA compared to that of its top wall by engraving grooves on the side walls. A model based on the array theory is developed to explain the high-gain nature of the antenna. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 21% over a band of 3.24-4 GHz, with a maximum gain of 9.6 dB. This is significantly higher with respect to available data in the literature.