Compact Embedded Dual-Element Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Combining Sierpinski and Minkowski Fractals

In this paper, a novel embedded dual-element rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) combining Sierpinski and Minkowski fractals is proposed to reduce the size and for wideband applications. To enhance the impedance bandwidth, a DR
₁
with dielectric material Rogers RT6010 (ε
_r1
= 10.2) is embedded concentrically inside the DR
₂
. DR
₂
is a rectangular ring with dielectric material FR-4 (ε
_r2
= 4.3). The proposed antenna offers a wide impedance bandwidth of around 3.52 GHz (66%) for S
₁₁
<; -10 dB at a resonant frequency of 3.85 GHz. Experiments have been conducted up to the second iteration of fractal with various indentation factors. Two modes have also been investigated that show presence of both TE
_11δ
^Z
(0 <; δ ≤ 1) like and TE
_11δ
^Z
(0 <; δ ≤ 1) like modes. The peak gain of proposed antenna is 6.74 dBi at 6.25 GHz. The measured gain is above 5.13 dBi in the frequency range from 3.5 to 7.02 GHz (impedance bandwidth) of operation.