On-Chip Photovoltaic Power Harvesting System With Low-Overhead Adaptive MPPT for IoT Nodes

Extracting maximum power from a photovoltaic (PV) harvester with minimum power transfer loss is one of the primary design goals of an energy processing circuit. This paper presents a fully integrated PV power harvesting system with a low-overhead adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme for Internet-of-Things (IoT) nodes. The proposed scheme tracks the MPPs within 12 μs by utilizing an inherent negative feedback loop, within a tracking error of 0.6%. The tracking range has been improved by ~57% using a current-starved voltage-controlled oscillator (CS-VCO) instead of a polynomial VCO. The overhead area and power consumed by this tracking scheme are approximately 0.013% and 0.1%, respectively. Using commercially available solar cell of area 11.3 cm
²
, the proposed system can provide 833 μW of power with a light intensity of 600 lx. The proposed energy processing circuit has been designed using 0.18-μm CMOS technology node and the circuit simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme can track maximum power point (MPP) under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions with a peak tracking efficiency of 99%.