Small antenna efficiency by the reflection and the Q measurement methods

Two methods of determining an antenna's efficiency are compared. One is called the reflection method and the other is called the Q method. Both methods use data that is collected from a shorted waveguide in a similar manner to the "Wheeler cap method". The reflection method gives the expected results from two reference antennas. The Q method gives results that deviate from the expect values for two broadband reference antennas but give better results on two narrowband antennas.